When a Mississippi small business starts thinking about bankruptcy, the instinct to “clean things up” can backfire. Owners often try to catch up a favorite vendor, repay a family member, or move an asset off the books before filing.
Bankruptcy law calls some of those moves avoidable transfers, the transactions a trustee (or debtor-in-possession in some cases) can unwind to treat creditors more fairly. This post explains the two big categories, that is, preferences and fraudulent transfers, and the practical danger zone to watch before you file.
A preference usually means the business paid one creditor shortly before bankruptcy in a way that puts that creditor ahead of others. The Bankruptcy Code gives a trustee the power to avoid certain pre-bankruptcy payments that meet specific requirements.
A fraudulent transfer does not require a Hollywood “fraud scheme.” Federal law allows avoidance of transfers made with actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors, and it also allows avoidance in common “constructive” situations, such as transferring value for less than reasonably equivalent value when the debtor was insolvent or became insolvent.
Timing drives these disputes. Preference law generally looks back 90 days before filing, but it can reach one year for certain transfers involving insiders (people with a close relationship or control, like owners, officers, or certain relatives). That is why last-minute repayments to business partners, shareholder loans, or family members often draw extra scrutiny.
Fraudulent transfer risk can extend beyond federal bankruptcy look-back rules because a trustee can also use applicable state law through Bankruptcy Code § 544. Mississippi’s Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act provides creditor remedies and sets time limits for bringing those claims. As a result, a move you made well before filing can still matter, depending on the facts and the theory.
We help Mississippi individuals and business owners evaluate debt relief options, including Chapter 7, Chapter 13, and small business Chapter 11, where appropriate. If you worry about payments to insiders, asset transfers, or “catch-up” checks to vendors, we can review the timeline and discuss safer next steps before you file. Reach O’Brien Law Firm, LLC, at 662-672-7619 or contact us online.
When a debtor files for bankruptcy, it may seem like everything freezes and creditors just must wait it out. However, the process isn’t one-sided. Creditors still have meaningful ways to speak up, especially when something about the filing doesn’t look right or a particular debt needs closer attention. The rules are specific, the deadlines move quickly, and the court expects creditors to be clear about what they want and why.
A creditor can object to a debtor’s discharge if there’s reason to believe the debtor hasn’t been honest. The issue could be missing property, records that don’t add up, or when the debtor ignores what the court orders.
An objection opens a separate case inside the bankruptcy, and it feels more like litigation than paperwork. There’s also the option to challenge only one debt, which is common when fraud or intentional harm is involved. In those situations, the bankruptcy may continue normally, but that one debt stays alive unless the debtor can show otherwise.
Not every dispute is about dishonesty. Sometimes, the creditor just needs permission to move forward with collecting collateral. Asking the court to lift the automatic stay is one of the most common motions.
Judges look at practical facts:
Creditors may also question whether the bankruptcy should continue at all. For example, if a debtor files repeatedly only to stall a foreclosure, a creditor can ask the court to dismiss the case.
If a creditor plans to push back, whether through an objection or a motion, gathering information early makes everything easier. Bank statements, contracts, service notes, and communication records often reveal more than the schedules filed with the court. A Rule 2004 exam can also help fill in details the creditor can’t get otherwise.
Creditors don’t have to guess their way through the bankruptcy procedure. O’Brien Law Firm helps creditors understand their options and act when needed. Call 662-672-7619 (or 866-934-8148 toll-free) or reach us through our intake form to talk with our team about your situation.
Deciding to file for bankruptcy is rarely quick or comfortable. You may be worried about losing your home, car, or the basic things you use. Mississippi law does offer generous exemptions, but planning the wrong way can undo those protections and give a bankruptcy trustee reasons to question your case.
One of the biggest missteps is transferring property to friends or family right before filing. Under Mississippi’s version of the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act, a transfer can be considered fraudulent if it is done to delay or dodge creditors or if “badges of fraud” are present, such as moving assets to an insider or keeping control after the transfer. In real cases, this might look like signing your truck over to a cousin while you still drive it to work.
Running up credit cards or taking cash advances when you already plan to file creates a similar problem. Courts may decide those debts were never meant to be repaid and refuse to wipe them out. The same goes for paying back a relative or close friend while other creditors get nothing; a trustee can usually claw those payments back and treat them as unfair “favorites.”
Picture someone who, a month before filing, pays off a $4,000 loan to a sibling but leaves medical and credit card bills unpaid. That payment is likely to draw extra scrutiny.
On the other hand, there are lawful steps that often help. Mississippi exemptions allow you to protect up to $10,000 of personal property and up to $75,000 of equity in your primary residence, along with certain insurance and disability benefits. A person who uses extra savings to catch up on an exempt car loan is usually increasing equity in something they are allowed to keep, instead of leaving that cash exposed.
Spending extra money on urgent home repairs, medical needs, or groceries is generally fine before filing since these fall under common exemptions. For example, if you patch a roof or pay off a hospital bill, those choices typically hold up.
At O’Brien Law Firm, we help clients think through these decisions under Mississippi law. To speak confidentially, call us at 866-934-8148 or 662-672-7619. You don’t have to figure it out alone.
If you’re considering bankruptcy, it’s important to understand how your case could end and how to avoid a frustrating outcome. Most filers hope for a discharge, which wipes out certain debts. However, some cases end in dismissal, which offers no relief at all. Knowing the difference can save you time, money, and stress.
A discharge is the ideal outcome for most debtors. In Chapter 7, it usually happens a few months after you file, while in Chapter 13, you’ll receive it after completing your repayment plan. Once the discharge is granted, creditors can’t come after you for those debts anymore.
That said, not all obligations go away. Student loans, some taxes, and child support may still be collectible. Also, liens on your property might still be valid even if the debt itself is discharged.
Dismissal is the opposite. It means the court has closed your case without granting relief. Creditors are free to resume collection efforts like garnishments, foreclosures, or lawsuits.
Dismissals often happen when a filer misses a key requirement, such as failing to file schedules, skipping the required credit counseling, or not showing up to the 341 meeting with creditors. In Chapter 13, even one missed payment might trigger dismissal.
If you’re filing, keep these basics in mind:
Bankruptcy comes with rules, and they’re easy to trip over if you’re unfamiliar. At O’Brien Law Firm, LLC, we help clients throughout the Greater Memphis Area avoid common mistakes, stay on track, and work toward a discharge whenever possible.
Reach out at 662-672-7619 or use our online form to schedule a consultation. Let’s walk through your options together.
Subchapter V is a simplified version of Chapter 11 bankruptcy designed to help small business owners reorganize without losing control of their operations. It’s faster, cheaper, and gives owners more say in how debts are repaid.
Sole proprietors in Southaven, Memphis, or any city across the USA may find Subchapter V as a beneficial path in navigating their bankruptcy process. However, a sole proprietor must ensure it is done properly and with all considerations considered.
Subchapter V isn’t available to everyone. As of April 2025, your total non-contingent debt must be under $3.42 million, and at least half of that must come from business activity. If most of your debt is personal or if your business is focused on one rental property, you may not qualify.
Another issue is that you must be “engaged in commercial activity” at the time you file. That can include winding down or collecting receivables, but it’s something courts look at closely.
Even if creditors reject your plan, you may still get it confirmed through a cramdown. To do this, you must commit all your projected disposable income over three to five years.
You also need to show that the plan is feasible and includes remedies if you fall behind, like allowing a creditor to take the asset back. However, unlike traditional Chapter 11, you don’t have to pay creditors in full before keeping your business.
Subchapter V lets business owners stay in charge. There’s no creditors’ committee unless the court orders one, and there are no U.S. Trustee fees. If you meet deadlines and remain in good faith, you retain full decision-making power. This control is often what makes Subchapter V attractive for sole proprietors looking to stay afloat.
At O’Brien Law Firm, LLC, we help sole proprietors across DeSoto County and Memphis use Subchapter V to save their businesses and reset their finances. Call 662-672-7619 or complete our intake form to schedule a confidential consultation.
